using System;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Controls;
using System.Windows.Markup;
using System.Windows.Media;
using System.Windows.Media.Media3D;

namespace AIStudio.Wpf.DiagramDesigner.Additionals.Controls
{
    /// <summary>
    /// View a control on a 3D plane.    
    /// </summary>
    /// <remarks>
    /// Taken from http://blogs.msdn.com/greg_schechter/archive/2007/10/26/enter-the-planerator-dead-simple-3d-in-wpf-with-a-stupid-name.aspx , Greg Schechter - Fall 2007
    /// </remarks>
    [ContentProperty("Child")]
    public class Plane3D : FrameworkElement
    {
        private FrameworkElement _logicalChild;
        private FrameworkElement _visualChild;
        private FrameworkElement _originalChild;

        private readonly QuaternionRotation3D _quaternionRotation = new QuaternionRotation3D();
        private readonly RotateTransform3D _rotationTransform = new RotateTransform3D();
        private Viewport3D _viewport3D;
        private readonly ScaleTransform3D _scaleTransform = new ScaleTransform3D();

        private static readonly Point3D[] Mesh = { new Point3D(0, 0, 0), new Point3D(0, 1, 0), new Point3D(1, 1, 0), new Point3D(1, 0, 0) };
        private static readonly Point[] TexCoords = { new Point(0, 1), new Point(0, 0), new Point(1, 0), new Point(1, 1) };
        private static readonly int[] Indices = { 0, 2, 1, 0, 3, 2 };
        private static readonly Vector3D XAxis = new Vector3D(1, 0, 0);
        private static readonly Vector3D YAxis = new Vector3D(0, 1, 0);
        private static readonly Vector3D ZAxis = new Vector3D(0, 0, 1);


        public static readonly DependencyProperty RotationXProperty =
            DependencyProperty.Register("RotationX", typeof(double), typeof(Plane3D), new UIPropertyMetadata(0.0, (d, args) => ((Plane3D)d).UpdateRotation()));

        public double RotationX
        {
            get => (double)GetValue(RotationXProperty);
            set => SetValue(RotationXProperty, value);
        }

        public static readonly DependencyProperty RotationYProperty =
            DependencyProperty.Register("RotationY", typeof(double), typeof(Plane3D), new UIPropertyMetadata(0.0, (d, args) => ((Plane3D)d).UpdateRotation()));

        public double RotationY
        {
            get => (double)GetValue(RotationYProperty);
            set => SetValue(RotationYProperty, value);
        }

        public static readonly DependencyProperty RotationZProperty =
            DependencyProperty.Register("RotationZ", typeof(double), typeof(Plane3D), new UIPropertyMetadata(0.0, (d, args) => ((Plane3D)d).UpdateRotation()));

        public double RotationZ
        {
            get => (double)GetValue(RotationZProperty);
            set => SetValue(RotationZProperty, value);
        }

        public static readonly DependencyProperty FieldOfViewProperty =
            DependencyProperty.Register("FieldOfView", typeof(double), typeof(Plane3D), new UIPropertyMetadata(45.0, (d, args) => ((Plane3D)d).Update3D(),
                (d, val) => Math.Min(Math.Max((double)val, 0.5), 179.9))); // clamp to a meaningful range

        public double FieldOfView
        {
            get => (double)GetValue(FieldOfViewProperty);
            set => SetValue(FieldOfViewProperty, value);
        }

        public static readonly DependencyProperty ZFactorProperty = DependencyProperty.Register(
            "ZFactor", typeof(double), typeof(Plane3D), new UIPropertyMetadata(2.0, (d, args) => ((Plane3D)d).UpdateRotation()));

        public double ZFactor
        {
            get => (double)GetValue(ZFactorProperty);
            set => SetValue(ZFactorProperty, value);
        }

        public FrameworkElement Child
        {
            get => _originalChild;
            set
            {
                if (Equals(_originalChild, value)) return;
                RemoveVisualChild(_visualChild);
                RemoveLogicalChild(_logicalChild);

                // Wrap child with special decorator that catches layout invalidations. 
                _originalChild = value;
                _logicalChild = new LayoutInvalidationCatcher() { Child = _originalChild };
                _visualChild = CreateVisualChild();

                AddVisualChild(_visualChild);

                // Need to use a logical child here to make sure databinding operations get down to it,
                // since otherwise the child appears only as the Visual to a Viewport2DVisual3D, which 
                // doesn't have databinding operations pass into it from above.
                AddLogicalChild(_logicalChild);
                InvalidateMeasure();
            }
        }

        protected override Size MeasureOverride(Size availableSize)
        {
            Size result;
            if (_logicalChild != null)
            {
                // Measure based on the size of the logical child, since we want to align with it.
                _logicalChild.Measure(availableSize);
                result = _logicalChild.DesiredSize;
                _visualChild?.Measure(result);
            }
            else
            {
                result = new Size(0, 0);
            }
            return result;
        }

        protected override Size ArrangeOverride(Size finalSize)
        {
            if (_logicalChild is null) return base.ArrangeOverride(finalSize);
            _logicalChild.Arrange(new Rect(finalSize));
            _visualChild?.Arrange(new Rect(finalSize));
            Update3D();
            return base.ArrangeOverride(finalSize);
        }

        protected override Visual GetVisualChild(int index) => _visualChild;

        protected override int VisualChildrenCount => _visualChild == null ? 0 : 1;

        private FrameworkElement CreateVisualChild()
        {
            var simpleQuad = new MeshGeometry3D
            {
                Positions = new Point3DCollection(Mesh),
                TextureCoordinates = new PointCollection(TexCoords),
                TriangleIndices = new Int32Collection(Indices)
            };

            // Front material is interactive, back material is not.
            Material frontMaterial = new DiffuseMaterial(Brushes.White);
            frontMaterial.SetValue(Viewport2DVisual3D.IsVisualHostMaterialProperty, true);

            var vb = new VisualBrush(_logicalChild);
            SetCachingForObject(vb);  // big perf wins by caching!!
            Material backMaterial = new DiffuseMaterial(vb);

            _rotationTransform.Rotation = _quaternionRotation;
            var xfGroup = new Transform3DGroup { Children = { _scaleTransform, _rotationTransform } };

            var backModel = new GeometryModel3D { Geometry = simpleQuad, Transform = xfGroup, BackMaterial = backMaterial };
            var m3DGroup = new Model3DGroup
            {
                Children = { new DirectionalLight(Colors.White, new Vector3D(0, 0, -1)),
                                 new DirectionalLight(Colors.White, new Vector3D(0.1, -0.1, 1)),
                                 backModel }
            };

            // Non-interactive Visual3D consisting of the backside, and two lights.
            var mv3D = new ModelVisual3D { Content = m3DGroup };

            // Interactive frontside Visual3D
            var frontModel = new Viewport2DVisual3D { Geometry = simpleQuad, Visual = _logicalChild, Material = frontMaterial, Transform = xfGroup };

            // Cache the brush in the VP2V3 by setting caching on it.  Big perf wins.
            SetCachingForObject(frontModel);

            // Scene consists of both the above Visual3D's.
            _viewport3D = new Viewport3D { ClipToBounds = false, Children = { mv3D, frontModel } };

            UpdateRotation();

            return _viewport3D;
        }

        private void SetCachingForObject(DependencyObject d)
        {
            RenderOptions.SetCachingHint(d, CachingHint.Cache);
            RenderOptions.SetCacheInvalidationThresholdMinimum(d, 0.5);
            RenderOptions.SetCacheInvalidationThresholdMaximum(d, 2.0);
        }

        private void UpdateRotation()
        {
            var qx = new Quaternion(XAxis, RotationX);
            var qy = new Quaternion(YAxis, RotationY);
            var qz = new Quaternion(ZAxis, RotationZ);

            _quaternionRotation.Quaternion = qx * qy * qz;
        }

        private void Update3D()
        {
            // Use GetDescendantBounds for sizing and centering since DesiredSize includes layout whitespace, whereas GetDescendantBounds 
            // is tighter
            var logicalBounds = VisualTreeHelper.GetDescendantBounds(_logicalChild);
            var w = logicalBounds.Width;
            var h = logicalBounds.Height;

            // Create a camera that looks down -Z, with up as Y, and positioned right halfway in X and Y on the element, 
            // and back along Z the right distance based on the field-of-view is the same projected size as the 2D content
            // that it's looking at.  See http://blogs.msdn.com/greg_schechter/archive/2007/04/03/camera-construction-in-parallaxui.aspx
            // for derivation of this camera.
            var fovInRadians = FieldOfView * (Math.PI / 180);
            var zValue = w / Math.Tan(fovInRadians / 2) / ZFactor;
            if (_viewport3D != null)
            {
                _viewport3D.Camera = new PerspectiveCamera(new Point3D(w / 2, h / 2, zValue),
                                                           -ZAxis,
                                                           YAxis,
                                                           FieldOfView);
            }

            _scaleTransform.ScaleX = w;
            _scaleTransform.ScaleY = h;
            _rotationTransform.CenterX = w / 2;
            _rotationTransform.CenterY = h / 2;
        }

        #region Private Classes

        /// <summary>
        /// Wrap this around a class that we want to catch the measure and arrange 
        /// processes occuring on, and propagate to the parent Planerator, if any.
        /// Do this because layout invalidations don't flow up out of a 
        /// Viewport2DVisual3D object.
        /// </summary>
        private class LayoutInvalidationCatcher : Decorator
        {
            protected override Size MeasureOverride(Size constraint)
            {
                Plane3D pl = Parent as Plane3D;
                if (pl != null)
                {
                    pl.InvalidateMeasure();
                }
                return base.MeasureOverride(constraint);
            }

            protected override Size ArrangeOverride(Size arrangeSize)
            {
                Plane3D pl = Parent as Plane3D;
                if (pl != null)
                {
                    pl.InvalidateArrange();
                }
                return base.ArrangeOverride(arrangeSize);
            }
        }

        #endregion

    }
}
